Question

Why gymnosperms are included in Phanerogons but pteridophyta in crypogams.

Answer 1

Phanerogams are plants producing flowers. As gymnosperms are flowering plants ( with unenclosed ovules) they are included in Phanerogams. A Pteridophyte is a vascular plant ( with xylem and phloem ) that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as Cryptogams.