Why is :

(a) concentrated sulphuric acid kept in air tight bottles ?

(b) $H_{2} S O_{4}$ is not used as a drying agent for $H_{2} S$ ?

(c) sulphuric acid used in the preparation of HCI and $H N O_{3}$ ? Give equations in both cases.

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Solution

(a) Concentrated sulphuric acid is hygroscopic substance that absorbs moisture when
exposed to air. Hence, it is stored in air tight bottles.

(b) Sulphuric acid is not a drying agent for H2S because it reacts with H2S to form
sulphur.
$H_{2} S O_{4} + 3 H_{2} S ⟶ 4 H_{2} O + 4 S$

(c) Concentrated sulphuric acid has high boiling point $356^{o} C$ . So, it is considered to
be non-volatile. Hence, it is used for preparing volatile acids like Hydrochloric acid
and Nitric acids from their salts by double decomposition.

$N a C l + H_{2} S O_{4} ⟶ N a H S O_{4} + H C l$

$N a N O_{3} + H_{2} S O_{4} ⟶ N a H S O_{4} + H N O_{3}$

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Why is hot concentrated Sulphuric acid not used in the preparation of Hydrogen ?

What property of conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ is made use of in each of the following cases ? Give an equation for the reaction in each case :

(a) in the production of HCI gas when it reacts with a chloride,

(b) in the preparation of CO from HCOOH,

(d) in the preparation of sulphuric acid by warming a mixture of conc.sulphuric acid and copper-turnings,

(e) hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through concentrated sulphuric acid.

Concentrated sulphuric acid is a good drying agent. Can you tell why concentrated $H_{2} S O_{4}$ is not used to dry ammonia?

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