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Introduction to Aromatic Compounds

Why is deloca...

Question

Why is delocalisation of pi electrons necessary for a compound to be aromatic? What is its significance?

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Solution

In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms. Aromatic molecules are very stable and do not easily break apart and react with other substances. Organic compounds that are not aromatic are classified as aliphatic compound—they might be cyclic, but only aromatic rings have special stability.
Delocalisation of the pi electrons gives the compound extra stability by giving partial double bond character to the whole ring and hence this extra stability led to differentiation of aromatic compound from another cyclic aliphatic compound.

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Q. The necessary condition for the aromatic ring is that it should have .......

π -

Q. The necessary condition for the aromatic ring is that it should have .................

π -

State True or False.

The reason for resonance is delocalisation of

π

Q. On the basis of molecular orbital treatment of various aromatic compounds, it has been observed that an aromatic compound must fulfill the following theoretical requirements. a) It must have an uninterrupted cyclic cloud of

π

-electrons above and below the plane of the molecule ( often called as

π

- cloud). Let us look what does this mean?
i) For the

π

-cloud to be cyclic, the molecule must be cyclic
ii) For the

π

-cloud to be uninterrupted, every atom in the ring must have a p- orbital
iii) For the

π

-cloud to be formed, each p-orbital must be able to overlap with the

p -

orbitals on either side of it. Therefore, the
molecule must be planar. b) The

π

-cloud must contain an odd number of pair of

π

(4 n + 2) π

-electrons, where n is an integer. The stability order of the three compounds is:

What are the necessary conditions for any system to be aromatic?

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