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Gases in Liquids

Why is helium...

Question

Why is helium used in diving apparatus?

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Solution

Air contains a large amount of nitrogen and the solubility of gases in liquids increases with increase in pressure. When sea divers dive deep into the sea, large amount of nitrogen dissolves in their blood. When they come back to the surface, solubility of nitrogen decreases and it separates from the blood and forms small air bubbles. This leads to a dangerous medical condition called bends. Therefore, air in oxygen cylinders used for diving is diluted with helium gas. This is done as He is sparingly less soluble in blood.

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Q. Assertion :Helium is used in diving apparatus. Reason: Solubility of helium is less in blood.

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Q. In modern diving apparatus, a mixture of

H e

O_{2}

Q. Account for the following:
(i) Helium is used in diving apparatus.
(ii) Flourine does not exhibit positive oxidation state.
(iii) Oxygen shows catenation behaviour less than sulphur.

Q. (a) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Bond enthalpy of

F_{2}

is lower than that of

C l_{2}

P H_{3}

has lower boiling point than

N H_{3}

.
(b) Draw the structures of the following molecules:
(i)

B r F_{3}

(H P O_{3})_{3}

X e F_{4}

OR
(a) Account for the following:
(i) Helium is used in diving apparatus.
(ii) Fluorine does not exhibit positive oxidation state.
(iii) Oxygen shows catenation behavior less than sulphur.
(b) Draw the structures of the following molecules:
(i)

X e F_{2}

H_{2} S_{2} O_{8}

Q.  Why is glass used in most lab apparatus?

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