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Question

Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens?

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Solution

The added nitric acid decomposes NaCN to HCN and Na2S to H2S.
NaCN+HNO3NaNO3+HCN
Na2S+2HNO32HNO3+H2S
This removes all the nitrogen and sulphur present. Hence, only halogen is available for testing.

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