Water vapour is a potent greenhouse gas because it absorbs longwave radiation and reflects it back to the surface, contributing to global warming.
Water vapour stays in the atmosphere for a considerably shorter amount of time than other greenhouse gases.
Any gas that absorbs infrared radiation (net heat energy) emitted from the Earth's surface and reradiates it back to the Earth's surface, contributes to the greenhouse effect.
The most significant greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour.