Q=mcΔT
where Q= Energy, m= Mass, c=Specific Heat Capacity and ΔT= change in Temperature.
By increasing the volume of water you increase the mass of water therefore increasing the among of energy needed to raise the temperature. Since you are supplying power at a constant rate and power is given by P=E/t where E=Energy and t=Time. By increasing the volume of water, you increase the amount of time needed