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Question

Why nitro group is act as meta directing group in electrophilic aromatic substitution?

A
It decreases electron density at ortho and para position
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B
It decrease electron density at meta position
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C
It increases electron density at ortho and para position
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D
None of the above
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Solution

The correct option is A It decreases electron density at ortho and para position
In nitrobenzene, the nitro group attached to benzene ring electron withdrawing and it shows -R effect which deactivates the benzene ring toward electrophilic substitution.

The resonanting structure of nitrobenzene shows development of +ve charge in ortho and meta positions. As a result, the electron density at meta position is relatively higher than at the ortho and para postion. Thus substitution occurs at meta position.


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