Why the third pin of a 3 pin plug is longer and thicker?
It is for protection purpose.
The longer and thicker pin in a 3 pin plug is for protection purposes. In case of any earth fault, heavy current flows through the thicker pin without overheating or burning the plug.
It is made thick to avoid inserting it into the live wire socket by mistake. Also, it is made long to ensure that it is always connected prior to the connection of live wire.