Question

With reference to guilds, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Craft guilds were the first type of guilds to emerge.
2. The guilds took control of the activities in their cities.
3. The guilds became hostile to technological innovations.

• A. 1 and 2 only
• B. 3 only
• C. 2 and 3 only
• D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer 1

The correct option is C 2 and 3 only

There were two main types of guilds- merchant guilds and craft guilds. Of the two, merchant guilds were the first to emerge.

The guilds took control of the activities in their cities.
Industrialisation and growth of science and technology took the occupations from the hands of the guilds. Gradually the guilds became hostile to technological innovations that paved the way to decline their association.

The crusades led to an increase in international trade and the exchange of ideas and technology. More significant contact between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Byzantine and Arab world.

The Crusades also facilitated the exchange of scientific and technological knowledge.