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Question
With the help of labelled diagram explain the structure of human respiratory system.
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Solution
Human Respiratory system consists of a pair of external nostrils opening out above the upper lips.
It leads to a nasal chamber through the nasal passage. The nasal
chamber opens into the pharynx, a portion of which is the common
passage for food and air.
The pharynx opens through the larynx region
into the trachea.
The larynx is a cartilaginous box which helps in sound
production and hence called the sound box.
During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx.
The trachea is a straight tube extending up to the mid-thoracic cavity, which divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra into a right and left primary bronchi.
Each bronchus undergoes repeated divisions to form the secondary and tertiary bronchi and bronchioles ending up in very thin terminal bronchioles
The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi, and initial
bronchioles are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings. Each
terminal bronchiole gives rise to a number of very thin, walled and vascularised bag-like structures called alveoli.
The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli comprise the lungs.
We have two lungs which are covered by a double-layered pleura,
with pleural fluid between them. It reduces friction on the lung surface.
The outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic cavity.
The inner pleural membrane is in contact with the lung
surface.
The part starting with the external nostrils up to the terminal bronchioles constitute the conducting part whereas the alveoli and the ducts form the respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system.
The conducting part transports the atmospheric air to the alveoli, clear it from foreign particles, humidifies and also brings the air to body temperature.
Human Respiratory system consists of a pair of external nostrils opening out above the upper lips.
It leads to a nasal chamber through the nasal passage. The nasal
chamber opens into the pharynx, a portion of which is the common
passage for food and air.
The pharynx opens through the larynx region
into the trachea.
The larynx is a cartilaginous box which helps in sound
production and hence called the sound box.
During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx.
The trachea is a straight tube extending up to the mid-thoracic cavity, which divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra into a right and left primary bronchi.
Each bronchus undergoes repeated divisions to form the secondary and tertiary bronchi and bronchioles ending up in very thin terminal bronchioles
The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi, and initial
bronchioles are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings. Each
terminal bronchiole gives rise to a number of very thin, walled and vascularised bag-like structures called alveoli.
The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli comprise the lungs.
We have two lungs which are covered by a double-layered pleura,
with pleural fluid between them. It reduces friction on the lung surface.
The outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic cavity.
The inner pleural membrane is in contact with the lung
surface.
The part starting with the external nostrils up to the terminal bronchioles constitute the conducting part whereas the alveoli and the ducts form the respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system.
The conducting part transports the atmospheric air to the alveoli, clear it from foreign particles, humidifies and also brings the air to body temperature.
It leads to a nasal chamber through the nasal passage. The nasal
chamber opens into the pharynx, a portion of which is the common
passage for food and air.
The pharynx opens through the larynx region
into the trachea.
The larynx is a cartilaginous box which helps in sound
production and hence called the sound box.
During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis to prevent the entry of food into the larynx.
The trachea is a straight tube extending up to the mid-thoracic cavity, which divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra into a right and left primary bronchi.
Each bronchus undergoes repeated divisions to form the secondary and tertiary bronchi and bronchioles ending up in very thin terminal bronchioles
The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi, and initial
bronchioles are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings. Each
terminal bronchiole gives rise to a number of very thin, walled and vascularised bag-like structures called alveoli.
The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli comprise the lungs.
We have two lungs which are covered by a double-layered pleura,
with pleural fluid between them. It reduces friction on the lung surface.
The outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic cavity.
The inner pleural membrane is in contact with the lung
surface.
The part starting with the external nostrils up to the terminal bronchioles constitute the conducting part whereas the alveoli and the ducts form the respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system.
The conducting part transports the atmospheric air to the alveoli, clear it from foreign particles, humidifies and also brings the air to body temperature.
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