Most of the chemistry and chemical properties of an element is based upon the outer shell electronic configuration of an element. In a periodic table, elements with same outer configuration are placed in the same group thus they have similar properties. Also, the trend of these properties is also predictable as we go down the group with the increase in no. of shells. In a period, as we go from left to right, the properties change in a predicted trend. So, based on the periodic table, we can predict the properties of an element based on its relative position with respect to some other element of given properties.