With the overall clamp down on diesel vehicles in the country due to rising pollution levels, automakers have taken the green step forward, with many introducing hybrid vehicles in India. They are cleaner and more fuel efficient. The Toyota Camry Hybrid is a good example of one such model. It is powered by _______.

Petrol and ethanol

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Petrol and electricity

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Electricity and LPG

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Biofuel

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Solution

The correct option is B Petrol and electricity
A hybrid car is one that uses more than one means of propulsion. It combines a petrol engine with an electric motor. The main advantage of such a car is that consumes less fuel and emit less carbon dioxide as compared to the cars run by petrol and diesel.

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Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle which uses two or more kinds of propulsion. Most hybrid vehicles use a conventional gasoline engine as well as an electric motor to provide power to the vehicle. These are usually called hybrid-electric vehicles, or HEVs. Hybrids use two types of propulsion in order to use gasoline more efficiently than conventional vehicles do. Most hybrid vehicles use the gasoline engine as a generator which sends power to the electric motor. The electric motor then powers the car. In conventional vehicles, the gasoline engine powers the vehicle directly. Since the main purpose of using a hybrid system is to efficiently use resources, most hybrid vehicles also use other efficient systems. Most hybrid vehicles have regenerative braking systems. In conventional vehicles, the gasoline engine powers the brakes, and the energy used in braking is lost. In regenerative braking systems, the energy lost in braking is sent back into the electrical battery for use in powering the vehicle. Some hybrid vehicles use periodic engine shutoff as a gas-saving feature. When the vehicle is in idle, the engine temporarily turns off. When the vehicle is put back in gear, the engine comes back on. Some hybrids use tires made of a stiff material which rolls easily and prevents drag on the vehicle. Since hybrid vehicles use less gasoline than conventional vehicles, they put fewer emissions into the atmosphere than conventional vehicles do. As hybrids become more popular, conventional vehicles are being used less, and the level of emissions being put into the air is decreasing. Hybrid vehicles are an example of an energy-efficient technology that is good for both consumers and the environment.

According to the passage:

Q. The amount of pollution content added in air in a city due to x diesel vehicles is given by P(x) = 0.005x³ + 0.02x² + 30x. Find the marginal increase in pollution content when 3 diesel vehicles are added and write which value is indicated in the above questions.

Q. The amount of pollution content added in air in a city due to

x

-diesel vehicles is given by

P (x) = 0.005 x^{3} + 0.02 x^{2} + 30 x

. Find the marginal increase in pollution content when

3

diesel vehicles are added and write which value is indicated in the above questions.

Q. With its very large population of vehicular traffic, Delhi is one of the most polluted cities of the world. Which of the following steps were taken by the government to reduce vehicular pollution in Delhi ?
(i) Switching over the entire fleet of public transport i.e., buses autorickshaws, from diesel to CNG
(ii) Phasing out of old vehicles
(iii) Use of unleaded petrol in vehicles
(iv) Use of low sulphur petrol and diesel in vehicles
(v) Use of catalytic converters in vehicles
(vi) Application of stringent pollution level norms for vehicles such as Euro-II norms, etc.

Q. The pollution of air caused by burning petroleum fuels (like petrol and diesel) in vehicles can be controlled by fitting a device X in the exhaust system of vehicles.

(a) Name the device X.
(b) How does this device help in controlling air pollution?

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