Question

Write a brief note on the relation of kinetic energy of particles with the states of matter.

Answer 1

The relationship between kinetic energy of particles and state of matter can be found out from the Kinetic Theory .

​​​​There are mainly 3 types of states in which matter can be found ,gas,liquid and solid.The difference between these states is the energy difference between them.Solids have the least amount of energy, which is part of why their particles hang so tightly together. Liquids have more energy than solids, which is why they will take on the shape of their container but only up to the surface.Gases have even more energy than liquids. So much more in fact that their particles spread out to fill the entire space of their container. Gas particles have so much energy that they just can't keep still. They fly around in all directions, putting as much distance as possible between themselves and the rest of the gas particles.
In particular, temperature can be defined in terms of the particle model to be a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles. As we heat a substance we give more thermal energy to the particles which is converted to kinetic energy and hence they move faster and further apart. If we continue heating, eventually a phase change occurs. Solid will get converted into liquid or even gas and liquids on heating gets converted into gases. The reverse process is also possible. i.e. on cooling a gas, the Kinetic energy gets reduced and after a particular amount of cooling , it undergoes state change.

So the state of a matter can be attributed directly to the kinetic energy of the particles.