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Question

Write a brief note on trade and investment policy reforms. How did it lead to economic growth?
Or
What was the purpose of liberalisation of trade and investment in 1991?

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Solution

Liberalisation of trade and investment was initiated to increase the international competitiveness of industrial production and also the flow of foreign investments and technology into the economy. Prior to these reforms in order to protect domestic industries, India was following a regime of quantitative restrictions on imports and restrictions of foreign investments.
The trade policy reforms aimed at:
(i) the dismantling of quantitative restrictions on imports and exports.
(ii) reduction of tariff rates.
(iii) removal of licensing procedures for imports. Liberalisation led to economic growth by increasing the level of investment in the country.


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Q. The government initiated a variety of policies in new economic policy which fall under three headings:
(i) Liberalisation
(ii) Privatisation
(iii) Globalisation

Liberalisation means removing all unnecessary controls and restrictions like permits, licences, quotas, etc. imposed by the government. Liberalisation concept were introduced for the following reasons:
(i) To unlock the economic potential of the country by encouraging the private sector and multinational corporations to invest and expand.
(ii) To encourage the private sector to take an active part in the development process.
(iii) To reduce the role of the public sector in the future industrial development.
(iv) To introduce more competition into the economy with the aim of increasing efficiency.

The economic reforms under liberalisation taken by the government include the following:
(i) Industrial Sector Reforms
(ii) Financial Sector Reforms
(iii) Tax Reforms
(iv) Foreign Exchange Reforms
(v) Trade and Investment Policy Reforms

Industrial Sector Reforms
The new policy abolished the requirement of obtaining a licence for all industries except alcohol, cigarettes, hazardous chemicals, industrial explosives, electronics, aerospace, and drugs and pharmaceuticals. Licence is no longer required to set up new units or to expand the existing one.

Under the new industrial policy, the number of industries reserved only for the public sector was reduced from 17 to only 3.
It is only (i) Defense equipment (ii) Atomic energy generation (iii) Railway transport.Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the following:
Statement 1: The concept of liberalisation was introduced to unlock the country's economic potential by encouraging the private sector.
Statement 2: The role of the public sector in future industrial development is being reduced as a result of liberalisation.

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