There are six major controls of the climate of any place. They are Latitude, Altitude, Pressure and wind system, Distance from the sea, Ocean currents and Relief features.
1. Latitude: The Indian landmass is equally divided by The Tropic of Cancer. Hence, half of India has tropical climate and another half has subtropical climate.
2.Altitude: It is the height of a place above the sea level or Earth's surface.As the altitude of a place increases, atmosphere becomes less dense and temperature decreases.Hills are cooler than plains during summers.
3.Pressure and Wind; It plays an important role in the amount of rainfall a region receives.
4. Distance from the sea: The areas near he sea does no experience extreme climate as he sea has a moderating effect on these regions.
5. Ocean Currents: It affects he climate of coastal regions.The coastal areas are warm and cool depending on he flow of ocean currents over it.
6.Relief Features: Mountains act as barriers and stop hot or cold winds.So, the climate of a region covered by mountains , owes its climatic condition to the mountain relief.