Question

Write a short note on graphite.

Answer 1

Graphite

• Graphite is a carbon allotrope that conducts electricity due to electron delocalization above and below the carbon atom planes.
• The mineral graphite is a crystalline form of carbon and is made up of graphene layers layered on top of each other.
• In Graphite, the atoms of carbon are $s{p}^2$ hybridized and aligned in the same plane, producing hexagonal rings.
• There are numerous layers of particles in the rings. The honeycomb layered structure of graphite is distinctive.
• Each layer is framed up of planar hexagonal rings of carbon atoms with a carbon-carbon bond length of $141.5$ pm (picometers) within the layer.
• Three of the four carbon atoms make sigma bonds, while the fourth one forms a pi-bond. Vander Waal forces grip these layers together.
• 

Figure: ABC type of Graphite

Characteristics of Graphite

• It can work as a lubricant as its layers are piled over one other.
• It also has a glossy surface, which contributes to its electrical conductivity
• It is a fantastic heat as well as electricity passager.
• One of the most crucial properties of graphite is that it may be utilized as a parched lubricant in elevated temperature systems where oil cannot be used.
• Graphite is dormant to both acids and alkalis.

Applications of Graphite

• As dispersion material, graphite powder is used as a lubricant.
• In pencils, manufacturing of steel, and mobile phones, graphite can be used.
• As it is an excellent conductor of electricity, it is commonly utilized in the fabrication of carbon electrodes for electrolytic cells.
• Because of its high melting point and inert nature against acids and alkalis, it is used in the manufacturing of crucibles.
• It's found in nuclear reactors and melters.