Question

Write a short note on the following:
(b) Mitochondria

Answer 1

$\text{Structure of mitochondria:}$


$\underset{–}{\text{A mitochondrion showing its internal structure}}$

$\text{Structure of mitochondria :}$

• The mitochondria are the organelle that is distributed in the cytoplasm of the cell.
• The outer membrane of the mitochondria is porous in nature and the inner membrane is internally folded to increase the surface area for supporting cellular respiration.
• The interior cavity of the mitochondria is filled with a proteinaceous (gel-like) matrix which contains a few small-sized ribosomes, a circular DNA molecule, and phosphate granules.

$\text{Function of mitochondria:}$

• Mitochondria are sites of cellular respiration which use oxygen from the air to oxidize the carbohydrates and fats (lipids) present in the cell to carbon dioxide and water vapour.
• This process of cellular respiration releases energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is used in the metabolic activities of the cell.
• Mitochondria are able to make some of their own proteins due to which these organelles are regarded as semi-autonomous organelles.