1) They travel in straight line from cathode and cast shadows of metallic objects placed in their path.
2) They cause mechanical motion of small pin-wheel placed in their path. They posses kinetic energy and must be the material particles.
3) They produce fluorescence when they strike the glass wall of the discharge tube.
4) When they strike metal foil, it becomes red and starts glowing.
5) They produce X-rays when they strike a metallic target.