Write any four metals and non metals. Write it's physical properties, chemical properties and its uses
Write any four metals and non metals. Write it's physical properties, chemical properties and its uses
Metals:
Name: Copper
Physical properties:
1 Good conductor of electricity
2 Good conductor of heat.
3 Very ductile
Chemical properties
1) It produces green-coloured rust on reaction with water, oxygen and carbon dioxide present in the air. The rust contains copper hydroxide and copper carbonate.
Cu+H2O+CO2+O2⟶Cu(OH)2+CuCO3
2) It can be replaced from its salt solution with reactive metal.
Fe+CuSO4⟶Cu+FeSO4
Use:
It is used in electrical wires as it is a good conductor of electricity and very ductile.
Name: Aluminium
Physical properties:
1 Good conductor of electricity.
2 High tensile strength.
3 Very malleable.
Chemical properties-
1 It reacts with oxygen to form an aluminium oxide which is an amphoteric oxide.
Al+O2⟶Al2O3
2) It reacts with the acid to evolve hydrogen gas.
2Al+6HCl⟶2AlCl3+3H2
3) It does not react with cold or hot water to its hydroxide because of the presence of a thin layer of aluminium oxide Al2O3
4) It reacts with steam to produce aluminium oxide.
Uses:
Aluminium foil, which is very light, is used to pack food, medicines etc. Aluminium is also used for making wires and utensils.
Name: Magnesium
Physical properties:
1) It is very light, its density is two third of aluminium.
2) Very malleable.
Chemical properties:
1) React with oxygen:
2Mg+O2⟶2MgO
2) React with acid to liberate hydrogen gas.
Mg+H2SO4⟶MgSO4+H2
Use:
Magnesium burns in air with a dazzling white light when ignited. Therefore it is used in fireworks.
Name: Gold
Physical properties-
1) They are very lustrous.
2) Very malleable.
3) Very ductile.
Chemical properties:
It is non-reactive metal. Do not react with acid, base or air. Thus it is called noble metal.
Use
It is used for making jewellery.
Non-metals:
Name: Carbon
Physical properties:
1 Exists in solid-state
2. bad conductor of heat.
3. It is black in colour.
Chemical properties:
1 Reacts with oxygen:
C+O2⟶CO2
2 Reacts with water
C+H2O⟶CO+H2
Uses:
Diamond is used as a gemstone. Graphite is used as a lubricant.
Name: Sulphur
Physical properties:
1. It exists as solid.
2. It is brittle in nature.
3. It is yellow in colour.
4.It is a poor conductor of electricity.
Chemical properties
1 It react with oxygen
S+O2⟶SO2
2. Its oxides are acidic in nature. When sulphur dioxide reacts with water forms a sulphurous acid.
SO2+H2O⟶H2SO3
3. It does not follow the octet rule.
4. It exists in the allotropic form S8
Uses:
It is used in the manufacture of dyes, matches, fireworks and gunpowder.
Name: Chlorine
Physical properties
1 It is a greenish-yellow coloured gas.
2. It has a pungent smell.
3. It is two and half times heavier than air.
Chemical properties
1) Displacement reaction:
Cl2+2NaBr⟶2NaCl+Br2
2) It reacts with water in presence of sunlight or heat.
2Cl2+2H2O⟶4HCl+O2
Uses:
It is used for the manufacture of many plastics, polyvinyl chloride. It is used to disinfect water as it kills germs.
Name: oxygen
Physical properties
1. It exists as a gas.
2. Oxygen is a colourless gas.
3. Oxygen is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
4. Liquid oxygen is paramagnetic in nature.
Chemical properties:
1. It combines with metals to form metal oxide. For example, sodium metal (Na) combines with oxygen to form sodium oxide.
Na+O2⟶Na2O
2. It combines with oxygen combines with non-metals to form acidic or neutral oxide.
C+O2⟶CO2(Acidicoxide)H2+O2⟶H2O(Neutaloxide)
Uses
1. It is the most important non-metal as it is required for respiration.
2. All combustion processes need oxygen.
Metals:
Name: Copper
Physical properties:
1 Good conductor of electricity
2 Good conductor of heat.
3 Very ductile
Chemical properties
1) It produces green-coloured rust on reaction with water, oxygen and carbon dioxide present in the air. The rust contains copper hydroxide and copper carbonate.
Cu+H2O+CO2+O2⟶Cu(OH)2+CuCO3
2) It can be replaced from its salt solution with reactive metal.
Fe+CuSO4⟶Cu+FeSO4
Use:
It is used in electrical wires as it is a good conductor of electricity and very ductile.
Name: Aluminium
Physical properties:
1 Good conductor of electricity.
2 High tensile strength.
3 Very malleable.
Chemical properties-
1 It reacts with oxygen to form an aluminium oxide which is an amphoteric oxide.
Al+O2⟶Al2O3
2) It reacts with the acid to evolve hydrogen gas.
2Al+6HCl⟶2AlCl3+3H2
3) It does not react with cold or hot water to its hydroxide because of the presence of a thin layer of aluminium oxide Al2O3
4) It reacts with steam to produce aluminium oxide.
Uses:
Aluminium foil, which is very light, is used to pack food, medicines etc. Aluminium is also used for making wires and utensils.
Name: Magnesium
Physical properties:
1) It is very light, its density is two third of aluminium.
2) Very malleable.
Chemical properties:
1) React with oxygen:
2Mg+O2⟶2MgO
2) React with acid to liberate hydrogen gas.
Mg+H2SO4⟶MgSO4+H2
Use:
Magnesium burns in air with a dazzling white light when ignited. Therefore it is used in fireworks.
Name: Gold
Physical properties-
1) They are very lustrous.
2) Very malleable.
3) Very ductile.
Chemical properties:
It is non-reactive metal. Do not react with acid, base or air. Thus it is called noble metal.
Use
It is used for making jewellery.
Non-metals:
Name: Carbon
Physical properties:
1 Exists in solid-state
2. bad conductor of heat.
3. It is black in colour.
Chemical properties:
1 Reacts with oxygen:
C+O2⟶CO2
2 Reacts with water
C+H2O⟶CO+H2
Uses:
Diamond is used as a gemstone. Graphite is used as a lubricant.
Name: Sulphur
Physical properties:
1. It exists as solid.
2. It is brittle in nature.
3. It is yellow in colour.
4.It is a poor conductor of electricity.
Chemical properties
1 It react with oxygen
S+O2⟶SO2
2. Its oxides are acidic in nature. When sulphur dioxide reacts with water forms a sulphurous acid.
SO2+H2O⟶H2SO3
3. It does not follow the octet rule.
4. It exists in the allotropic form S8
Uses:
It is used in the manufacture of dyes, matches, fireworks and gunpowder.
Name: Chlorine
Physical properties
1 It is a greenish-yellow coloured gas.
2. It has a pungent smell.
3. It is two and half times heavier than air.
Chemical properties
1) Displacement reaction:
Cl2+2NaBr⟶2NaCl+Br2
2) It reacts with water in presence of sunlight or heat.
2Cl2+2H2O⟶4HCl+O2
Uses:
It is used for the manufacture of many plastics, polyvinyl chloride. It is used to disinfect water as it kills germs.
Name: oxygen
Physical properties
1. It exists as a gas.
2. Oxygen is a colourless gas.
3. Oxygen is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
4. Liquid oxygen is paramagnetic in nature.
Chemical properties:
1. It combines with metals to form metal oxide. For example, sodium metal (Na) combines with oxygen to form sodium oxide.
Na+O2⟶Na2O
2. It combines with oxygen combines with non-metals to form acidic or neutral oxide.
C+O2⟶CO2(Acidicoxide)H2+O2⟶H2O(Neutaloxide)
Uses
1. It is the most important non-metal as it is required for respiration.
2. All combustion processes need oxygen.
