Question

Write chemical reactions to affect the following transformations:

A Butan-$1$-ol to butanoic acid

B Benzyl alcohol to phenyl
ethanoic acid.

C $3$-Nitrobromobenzene to
$3$-nitrobenzoic acid

D $4$-Methylacetophenone to
benzene-$1,4$-dicarboxylic acid

E Cyclohexene to
hexane-$1,6$-dioic acid

F Butanal to butanoic acid.

Answer 1

• $\text{Conversion of Butan-}1\text{-ol to butanoic acid}$: Jones reagent is a solution of chromium trioxide and aqueous sulfuric acid present in acetone.

Here, acetone acts as a reaction solvent. The reagent is usually used for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carboxylic acids and ketones, respectively.

When butan-$1$-ol reacts with Jones reagent
$(Cr{O}_3-H_{2}S{O}_4)$ gives butanoic acid.

This reaction can be given as:

• $\text{Conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzyl chloride}$:

Benzyl alcohol reacts with phosphorus pentachloride $\left(PC{l}_5\right)$ and gives benzyl chloride.

This reaction can be given as:

• $\text{Conversion of benzyl chloride to benzyl cyanide}$:

Benzyl chloride reacts with potassium cyanide $\left(KCN\right)$ and gives benzyl cyanide.

This reaction can be given as:

• $\text{Conversion of benzyl cyanide to phenyl ethanoic acid}$:

On the hydrolysis of benzyl cyanide gives phenyl ethanoic acid.
This reaction can be given as:

• $\text{Conversion of}3-\text{nitrobromobenzene to}3-\text{nitrophenylmagnesium bromide}$:

When $3-$ nitrobromobenzene reacts with $Mg$/ether and it gives $3-$ nitro phenylmagnesium bromide.

This reaction can be given as:

• $\text{Conversion of}3-\text{nitro phenylmagnesiumbromide to}3-\text{nitrobenzoic acid}$:

$3-$ nitrophenylmagnesium bromide converts into $3-$ nitrobenzoic acid in the presence of dry ice followed by hydrolysis.

This reaction can be given as:

• $\text{Conversion of}4-\text{Methylacetophenone to dipotassium benzene}-1,4-\text{dicarboxylate}$:

$4-$ Methyl acetophenone converts into dipotassium benzene $-1,4-$ dicarboxylate in presence of alkaline $KMn{O}_4$.

Alkaline $KMn{O}_4$ is a strong oxidizing agent which oxidize the methylbenzene, ketone, and aldehyde in carboxylate acid.

• $\text{Conversion of dipotassium benzene}-1,4-\text{dicarboxylate to benzene}-1,4-\text{dicarboxylic acid}$:

Dipotassium benzene $-1,4-$ dicarboxylate converts into benzene $-1,4-$ dicarboxylic acid in presence of dilute $H_{2}S{O}_4$.

This reaction can be given as:

• $\text{Conversion of Cyclohexene to hexane}-1,6-\text{dioic acid}$:

$KMn{O}_4/H_{2}S{O}_4$ is a strong oxidizing agent which oxidizes the cyclohexene in carboxylic acid.

Cyclohexene reacts with $KMn{O}_4-H_{2}S{O}_4$ and gives hexane $-1,6-$ dioic acid.

• $\text{Conversion of butanal to butanoic acid}$:

Tollen's reagent is an oxidizing agent which can oxidize aldehyde to form carboxylic acid. Tollen's reagent is a solution of ammoniacal silver nitrate.

$AgN{O}_3+N{H}_{4}OH\to \left[Ag\right(N{H}_3{)}_2]OH$

Butanal reacts with tollen’s reagent and gives butanoic acid.

This reaction can be given as: