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Question

Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron.

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Solution

In blast furnace, iron oxides are reduced at different temperature ranges. In the lower part of the blast furnace, the temperature is as high as 2200 K. It is called combustion zone. At the top, the temperature is as low as 500800 K. It is called reduction zone. In the lower temperature range, carbon is the reducing agent and in the higher temperature range, CO is the reducing agent. In the reduction zone (500800 K), following reactions occur.
3Fe2O3+CO2Fe3O4+CO2
Fe3O4+4CO3Fe+4CO2
Fe2O3+CO2FeO+CO2
In the temperature range 900-1500 K, following reactions occur.
C+CO22CO
FeO+COFe+CO2
Around 1270 K (middle portion), decomposition of limestone gives lime (CaO) and CO2. Lime is a flux and combines with silicate impurity to form slag of calcium silicate.
CaCO3CaO+CO2
CaO+SiO2CaSIO3

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