Question

Write information about Gandhian era with the help of the following points :
(a) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(b) Non-co-operation Movement

Answer 1

(a) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre : The British Government passed the 'Indian Security Law' to suppress the independence movement. Rowlatt Act was passed to stop seditious actions. To oppose this Act, which was also called 'Black Act', Mahatma Gandhi protested and appealed countrymen to go on strike. Leaders like Dr. Satyapal, Dr. Saifuddin Kichlu were arrested for protesting against this Act in Punjab. On 13th April, 1919 a meeting was called in Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar to oppose the injustice. British Officer General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on people peacefully participating in the protest. Hundreds of people died and thousands sustained injuries in this incident that shook the entire nation.
(b) Non Co-operation Movement :

• It was known fact that British government will not exist without the cooperation of Indians. By keeping this in mind, Mahatma Gandhi decided to start 'Non Cooperation Movement' against British rule.
• The resolution in this regard was passed in the meeting of Congress session in Kolkata in 1920.
• Throughout this movement, it was decided to boycott British goods, school and colleges, awards and honours, the elections of parliament etc.
• British suppressed people, British police fired at the peaceful procession which was carried out in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
• Therefore, the enraged people set the police station ablaze. One officer and twenty two police personnel were burnt alive in this incident.
• After listening this news, Mahatma Gandhi was so disappointed that he withdrew the Non-co-operation Movement in 1922.