write reason for the following (number in parenthesis is atomic number of substance).

1.Lithium (3) and sodium (11) are considered as active metals.

2. fluorine(9) is more active than chlorine(17)

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Solution

1) Lithium and sodium both react strongly and quickly with cold water to produce hydroxides and hydrogen gas along with large amount of energy in the form of heat. These have a single electron in its outer most shell. It can readily exchange this electron to produce cation , by which chemical reactions occur and some times explosive in nature. Hence they lithium and sodium are considered as active metals.

2) The electronic configuration of fluorine is 2,7(2 shells) while electronic configuration of chlorine is 2,8,7 (3 shells). Fluorine has more tendency to gain electrons and it is much closer to the nucleus that is fluorine has greater attraction for electrons. Hence fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine thus reacts much easily in gaining electrons from other atoms (fluorine is highly reactive).

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