Question

Write short note on bacterial disease.

Answer 1

Common bacterial diseases discussed below are diarrhoea, typhoid and tuberculosis etc. Diarrhoeal diseases are a group of intestinal infections, including food poisoning. The causative agents are mainly bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella etc. A protozoan Giardia and some viruses also act as causative agents. Infections of Dianhoea spread through generally contaminated food, water, drinks etc., and occasional contamination through fingers, clothes, bedsheets, utensils etc.
Symptoms: Common symptoms of diarrhoea infections include:
(i) Abnormally frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid faecal matter with or without blood mucus (i.e., diarrhoea),(ii) Diminished appetite.
(iii) Abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting leading todehydration.
Uses: (i) Use of anti diarrhoeal antibiotic scan treat the disease. Saline drip may be given intravenously to maintain fluid and electrolytes in the body. Alternatively, oral rehydration solution (ORS) may be given to the patient periodically. Isabgol (husk of Plantago ovata seeds) should be given with curd to the patient to provide relief. Typhoid is a common bacterial disease caused by a rod-like bacterium, Salmonella typhi. Tuberculosis is caused by Jjacterium,Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacterium commonly affects the lungs, where small tubercles are formed. It may. also attack brain, intestine, eyes etc. The bacterium damages tissues and releases a toxin called tuberculin which produces the disease. Malaria is a very serious disease of the tropical and sub tropical regions especially in Africa and Asia. Malaria is caused by the toxins produced in the human body by malarial parasite Plasmodium.