Scalar chain refers to a pre-defined, formal path of authority and communication in the line of order (from the highest rank to the lowest rank). For example, A is the CEO of an organisation and he has two paths of authorities under him. One is A-B-C and the other is A-D-E. Everybody in the organisation follows this chain of authority for communication. For example, if C wants to contact E, then he will have to follow the formal path C→B→A→D→E. That is, C will first have to contact higher authorities (C→B→A); they, in turn, will transverse the communication to E (A→D→E).