1
Question
Write short notes on the following:
(i) Homologous series
(ii) Tetrahedral shape of carbon
(iii) Saponification
(i) Homologous series
(ii) Tetrahedral shape of carbon
(iii) Saponification
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Solution
(i) Homologous series:
A homologous series represents a series of organic compounds, having a similar structure (and properties)
with difference only in the number of CH2 units in the main carbon chain. They have same functional group.
Different members in homologous series are listed in the order of increasing number of C atoms. For example, the following represents a homologous series.
CH3−OH, CH3−CH2−OH, CH3−CH2−CH2−OH, CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH....
(ii) Tetrahedral shape of carbon:
Consider methane CH4 molecule. The C atom is sp3 hybridized. C atom is placed at the center of a regular tetrahedron and 4 H atoms are present at 4 corners of a regular tetrahedron.
Thus, the geometry of C atom is tetrahedral.
(iii) Saponification:
It is alkaline hydrolysis of an ester of long chain fatty acid (tri glyceride) to produce an alcohol and sodium/potassium salt of carboxylic acid.
A homologous series represents a series of organic compounds, having a similar structure (and properties)
with difference only in the number of CH2 units in the main carbon chain. They have same functional group.
Different members in homologous series are listed in the order of increasing number of C atoms. For example, the following represents a homologous series.
CH3−OH, CH3−CH2−OH, CH3−CH2−CH2−OH, CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH....
(ii) Tetrahedral shape of carbon:
Consider methane CH4 molecule. The C atom is sp3 hybridized. C atom is placed at the center of a regular tetrahedron and 4 H atoms are present at 4 corners of a regular tetrahedron.
Thus, the geometry of C atom is tetrahedral.
(iii) Saponification:
It is alkaline hydrolysis of an ester of long chain fatty acid (tri glyceride) to produce an alcohol and sodium/potassium salt of carboxylic acid.
It is alkaline hydrolysis of an ester of long chain fatty acid (tri glyceride) to produce an alcohol and sodium/potassium salt of carboxylic acid.
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