Write the chemical equation of following reaction:
(a) Swarts reaction
(b) Sandmeyers reaction.

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Solution

The chemical equations:
(a) Swarts reaction:
Alkyl chlorides (or bromides) are heated in presence of metallic fluorides such as $A g F, C o F_{2}, S b F_{3}, H g_{2} F_{2}$ .
$C H_{3} - C l + A g F \to C H_{3} - F + A g C l$
(b) Sandmeyers reaction:
The nitrogen of benzene diazonium chloride is replaced with $- C l$ , $- B r$ or $- C N$ groups using copper(I) salts.
$P h - N_{2}^{+} X^{-} CuX / HX - ----- \to P h - X + N_{2} ↑$
$X = C l, B r$ or $C N$

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