Question

Write the definition of acid and base based on Arrhenius principle also write the limitations of this principle.

Answer 1

Arrhenius acid is a substance which contains hydrogen and prduces $H^{+}$ ions in aqueous solution.
$HCl\left(aq\right)\to H^{+}\left(aq\right)+C{l}^{-}\left(aq\right)$
$C{H}_{3}COOH\left(aq\right)\to H^{+}\left(aq\right)+C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}\left(aq\right)$
Arrhenius base is a substance which contains OH group and prduces $O{H}^{-}$ ions in aqueous solution.
$NaOH\left(aq\right)\to N{a}^{+}\left(aq\right)+O{H}^{-}\left(aq\right)$
Limitations:
1) This theory is usefull for aqueous solutions only.
2) This theory cannot explain the basicity of substances like ammonia $\left(N{H}_3\right)$, sodium carbonate $\left(N{a}_{2}C{O}_3\right)$ that do not contain $OH$ group.