Question

Write the definition of acid and base based on Arrhenius principle and write the limitations of this principle.

Answer 1

Acid is substance containing hydrogen which produces hydrogen ion $\left(H^{+}\right)$ in its aqueous solution.
Base is a substance containing hydroxide which produces hydroxide ion $\left(O{H}^{-}\right)$ in its aqueous solution.
Limitations of Arrhenius AcidBase Theory:
$\bullet$ It is applicable to aqueous solutions.
$\bullet$ Ammonia does not contain hydroxide ion, still its aqueous solution acts as a base.
$\bullet H^{+}$ ion cannot exist independently, so it combines with a water molecule to form hydronium ion $\left(H_3{O}^{+}\right)$.