Question

Write the name and general formula of (1) saturated hydrocarbons, (2) unsaturated hydrocarbons and draw the structure of one hydrocarbon of each type.

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons :

• A hydrocarbon is any group of organic compounds composed solely of carbon ($\mathrm{C}$) and hydrogen ($\mathrm{H}$).
• The carbon atoms bond together to form the compound's framework, and the hydrogen atoms bind with them in a lot of formats.
• Their molecular formula is ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{y}}$ .

Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons:

	Saturated Hydrocarbons	Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Definition	These are the most basic hydrocarbons, having single bonds linking carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen atoms.	Unsaturated hydrocarbons are organic molecules made up of a double or triple bond between two carbon atoms.
Name	Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that only have the ${\mathrm{Sp}}^3$ hybridised carbon atom and no ${\mathrm{Sp}}^2$ or ${\mathrm{Sp}}^{}$ hybridised carbon atoms. in short in consists of single bonds only	Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond among two adjacent carbon atoms. Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon triple bond.
General formula	Alkanes ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{H}}_{2\mathrm{n}+2}$	Alkenes ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{H}}_{2\mathrm{n}}$ Alkynes ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{H}}_{2\mathrm{n}-2}$
Example	The structure of a propane molecule $\left({\mathrm{C}}_3{\mathrm{H}}_8\right)$ which is an alkane.	The structure of a propene molecule $\left({\mathrm{C}}_3{\mathrm{H}}_6\right)$ which is an alkene. The structure of a propyne molecule $\left({\mathrm{C}}_3{\mathrm{H}}_4\right)$ which is an alkyne.