Question

Write the principle behind the given separation techniques along with an example:
a) Centrifugation
b) Sublimation
c) Filtration

Answer 1

a) Centrifugation: It is used to separate the components of a colloid using a centrifuge machine. The separation is based on the density difference of the components. The more dense component will be forced to move at the bottom and less dense components stay at the top. Example: Separation of fat from milk.

b) Sublimation: It is used for the separation of a solid-solid mixture where one of the components of the mixture sublimes(conversion of solid to gas) on heating, leaving behind the other components. Example: Separation of sand and mothball mixture.

c) Filtration: It is used to separate solid-liquid suspension. The separation is carried out using a filter paper where it allows only the liquid to pass through it, separating the solid from the mixture. Example: Separation of sand and water mixture.