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Question

Write the two events involved in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants.
(a) Discuss the first event and write the types.
(b) Give advantages and disadvantages of that.

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Solution

The sexual reproduction of flowering plants involves:
(1) Pollination (2) Fertilization
(a) Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. Pollen grains are transferred by agents like air, water, insects etc.
Types of pollination-
Self-pollination (Autogamy): When the pollen grains are transferred from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant it is known as self-pollination.
Cross-pollination (Allogamy): When the pollen grains are transferred from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the another flower of the different plant, it is known as cross-pollination.

(b) Advantages self-pollination are
(1) Self-pollination is certain in bisexual flowers.
(2) Flowers need not depend on agents.
(3) No wastage of pollen grains.
Disadvantages of self-pollination
(1) Seeds are less in number.
(2) Seeds produce weak plants due to the minute endosperm.
Advantages of cross-pollination
(1) It leads to the production of new varieties.
(2) More viable seeds are produced.
Disadvantages of cross-pollination are
(1) Plants have to depend on agents for Pollination.
(2) Wastage of Pollen grains occurs.


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