Write the valency of the following elements:
(i) Ca
(ii) C
(iii) O [3 MARKS]

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Solution

Each point: 1 Mark

(i) Configuration of Ca = 2, 8, 8, 2. It needs to lose 2 electrons to attain an octet. Hence, its valency is 2
(ii) Configuration of C = 2, 4. It can attain an octet by sharing its four electrons. Hence, it has a valency of 4
(iii) Configuration of O = 2, 6. It attains its octet by either gaining two electrons or by sharing two electrons. Hence, it has a valency of 2

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