You are provided with a mixture of naphthalene and ammonium chloride by your teacher. Suggest an activity to separate them with a well-labeled diagram.
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Solution
Naphthalene and Ammonium chloride:
It is immiscible with water but miscible in benzene (organic solvent). Water dissolves ammonium chloride but not benzene.
Naphthalene changes into vapors at room temperature, whereas ammonium chloride changes into vapors when heated.
Steps to separate the mixture of naphthalene and ammonium chloride:
Add water to the mixture and vigorously shake it with a glass rod to dissolve the ammonium chloride.
Strain the mixture. The residue contains naphthalene, whereas the filtrate contains ammonium chloride.
Heat the filtrate until a saturated solution of ammonium chloride is produced.
Cool the hot saturated solution to obtain ammonium chloride crystals.
