Question

Compare sodium atom and sodium ion.

Answer 1

Sodium atom	Sodium ion
Sodium is represented by the symbol $\left(\mathrm{Na}\right)$.	It is represented by the symbol $\left({\mathrm{Na}}^{+}\right)$
The electronic configuration of Sodium $\left(\mathrm{Na}\right)$ is $1{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^6,3{\mathrm{s}}^1$.	Electronic configuration of $\left({\mathrm{Na}}^{+}\right)$ is 2,8 :$1{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^6$
A sodium atom is larger than a sodium ion.	$\left({\mathrm{Na}}^{+}\right)$ ion is substantially smaller than the neutral $\left(\mathrm{Na}\right)$ atom because in both the cases nuclear charge remains the same, but the number of electrons in sodium ion is less than that of sodium. Hence, the nucleus of sodium ion attracts the electrons more tightly resulting in a decrease in size.