Define decomposition. Describe the process products of decomposition?
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Solution
Decomposition:
Decomposition is called as a metabolic process, taking up raw materials in form of complex compounds, processing it and then converting it into various simpler compounds.
A complete process of decomposition occurs in five different steps or phases:
Fragmentation: It is am initial stage of decomposition. Fragmentation means breakdown of detritus into the smaller pieces with the help of detritivores.
Leaching: The fragmented particles may also contain a lot of water-soluble nutrients that are inorganic in nature. Such nutrients get dissolved in water and seep into the soil and get precipitated in the process of leaching.
Catabolism: Once the complex material is broken down into various smaller particles & the inorganic nutrients are removed, it is time to convert detritus into simpler inorganic compounds. This process is then carried out by various fungal and bacterial enzymes by the process of catabolism.
Humification: It is a process of formation of a dark-coloured layer of amorphous substance on soil called humus. It cannot be decomposed very easily as it is highly resistant to action of microbes. The layer of humus is also very rich in nutrients as it provides high fertility to the soil.
Mineralization: It is a final step in the process. Mineralization is called as the process of the degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.
