Question

Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary (V) or involuntary (IV) muscles.
(a) Jumping of frog
(b) Pumping of the heart
(c) Writing with hand
(d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine

Answer 1

Voluntary actions:

1. When an activity is mediated by the involvement of thoughts, it is known as voluntary action.
2. These activities are produced consciously like walking, handshaking, etc.
3. In voluntary actions, both the brain and spinal cord take part and coordinate with the peripheral nervous system to produce necessary movements.

Involuntary actions:

1. The activities that occur without the willingness or consciousness of a person are known as involuntary actions.
2. Some of the examples of involuntary actions are digestion, sneezing, heart beating, etc.
3. The hindbrain and midbrain monitor involuntary activities.

a) Jumping of frog:

1. In jumping, skeletal muscles are involved, and the skeletal muscles are under voluntary control.
2. As frogs jump voluntarily, that is, they jump willingly, therefore, the jumping of frogs comes under voluntary activity.

b) Pumping of the heart:

1. During heart pumping, the cardiac muscle tissues are involved.
2. These are striated muscles, however, they are not consciously controlled.
3. Thus, the pumping of the heart comes under involuntary activity.

c) Writing with the hand:

1. Hands are formed of skeletal muscles, which are accountable for the movement of fingers and hands.
2. The skeletal muscles are controlled voluntarily, and thus, writing with a hand comes under voluntary activity.

d) Movement of chocolate in the intestine:

1. Intestines are formed of smooth muscles, and these muscles perform an essential function of regulating the movement of food via the intestine.
2. These muscles are not controlled voluntarily, and thus, the movement of chocolate in the intestines comes under involuntary activity.