Question

Explain the types of parenchyma tissues with their functions.

Answer 1

Parenchyma:

1. A parenchyma is a form of simple permanent tissue found in plant ground tissues, where other tissues such as vascular tissues are anchored.
2. They are non-vascular and made up of undifferentiated, live cells that have been manipulated to perform numerous purposes.

Types of Parenchyma Cells:

Parenchyma cells can be categorized based on their structure, location and functions performed. The main parenchyma tissues are:

Chlorenchyma:

1. Photosynthesis-producing cells with chloroplasts.
2. Mesophyll cells differentiate into palisade and spongy cells in leaves.

Prosenchyma:

1. These are elongated fiber-like cells with thick walls that give the plant stiffness and strength.

Aerenchyma:

1. These tissues have a lot of intercellular space.
2. They can be found in aquatic plants.
3. The buoyancy of floating plants is aided by aerenchyma.
4. It aids in respiration and ensures that aquatic plants have enough oxygen.
5. The aerenchyma of aquatic plant leaves and stems are enormous longitudinal cells with gas-filled air gaps called lacunae.
6. The excess oxygen used by the roots diffuses into the soil atmosphere.
7. They aid in the formation of the anaerobic rhizosphere in anaerobic soil.

Epidermis Parenchyma:

1. It's present in the epidermis of several gymnosperm leaves.
2. Cutinized cell walls are present.
3. The cutin layer on the epidermis outer surface reduces transpiration and protects against environmental stress.
4. For protection, have a lot of spiny projections.
   

Conjunctive Parenchyma:

1. The root system contains this sort of parenchyma.
2. The outer layer of the immature sections of the root is non-cutinized, with a thin cell wall. Epiblema or piliferous layer is the term for it.
3. It may produce root hair, which is tubular outgrowths.
4. The primary purpose of this organism is to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.