Question

Fill in the missing data in the following table

	Salts obtained from
	Name of salt	Formula	Base	Acid
1.	Ammonium Chloride	${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}$	${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{OH}$	(i)_____
2.	Copper Sulphate	(ii)______	(iii)______	${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$
3.	Sodium Chloride	$\mathrm{NaCl}$	$\mathrm{NaOH}$	(iv)_____
4.	Magnesium Nitrate	$\mathrm{Mg}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2$	(v)______	${\mathrm{HNO}}_3$
5.	Potassium Sulphate	${\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$	(vi)_______	(vii)______
6.	Calcium Nitrate	$\mathrm{Ca}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2$	$\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$	(viii)_______

Answer 1

Formation of salts:

1. In a neutralization reaction, acid combines with the base to give out salt as the main product and water as byproduct.
2. Salts can be acidic or basic in nature based on the type of acid and base in the reaction.
3. If Strong acid reacts with a weak base the salt formed will be acidic. and if Weak acid reacts with a strong base the salt formed will be basic.
4. If Strong acid reacts with a strong base the salt solution will be neutral.

1. Ammonium Chloride$\left({\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\right)$

• It is formed by the neutralization of ${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{OH}$ and $\mathrm{HCl}$.
• Since $\mathrm{HCl}$ is a strong acid and ${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{OH}$ is a weak base so the salt formed $\left({\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\right)$ will be acidic.
• $$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{OH}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)\to {\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right) \\ \mathrm{Hydrochloric}\mathrm{acid}+\mathrm{Ammonium}\mathrm{hydroxide}\to \mathrm{Ammonium}\mathrm{Chloride}+\mathrm{Water} \end{gathered}$$

2. Copper Sulphate$\left({\mathrm{CuSO}}_4\right)$

• It is formed by the neutralization of $\mathrm{Cu}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$.
• Since ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$ is a strong acid and $\mathrm{Cu}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$ is a weak base so the salt formed ${\mathrm{CuSO}}_4$ will be acidic.
• $$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Cu}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\to {\mathrm{CuSO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right) \\ \mathrm{Copper}\mathrm{hydroxide}+\mathrm{Sulphuric}\mathrm{acid}\to \mathrm{Copper}\mathrm{Sulphate}+\mathrm{Water} \end{gathered}$$

3. Sodium Chloride$\left(\mathrm{NaCl}\right)$

• It is formed by the neutralization of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ and $\mathrm{HCl}$.
• Since $\mathrm{HCl}$ is a strong acid and $\mathrm{NaOH}$ is also a strong base so the salt formed $\mathrm{NaCl}$ will be neutral.
• $$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{NaOH}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\to \mathrm{NaCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right) \\ \mathrm{Sodium}\mathrm{hydroxide}+\mathrm{Hydrochloric}\mathrm{acid}\to \mathrm{Sodium}\mathrm{Chloride}+\mathrm{Water} \end{gathered}$$

4. Magnesium Nitrate $\left(\mathrm{Mg}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\right)$

• It is formed by the neutralization of $\mathrm{Mg}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$ and ${\mathrm{HNO}}_3$.
• Since ${\mathrm{HNO}}_3$ is a strong acid and $\mathrm{Mg}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$ is also a strong base so the salt formed $\left(\mathrm{Mg}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\right)$ will be neutral.
• $$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Mg}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{s}\right)+2{\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\to \mathrm{Mg}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right) \\ \mathrm{Magnesium}\mathrm{hydroxide}+\mathrm{Nitric}\mathrm{acid}\to \mathrm{Magnesium}\mathrm{nitrate}+\mathrm{Water} \end{gathered}$$

5. Potassium Sulphate $\left({\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\right)$

• It is formed by the neutralization of $\mathrm{KOH}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$.
• Since ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$ is a strong acid and $\mathrm{KOH}$ is also a strong base so the salt formed ${\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$ will be neutral.
• $$\begin{gathered} 2\mathrm{KOH}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\to {\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right) \\ \mathrm{Potassium}\mathrm{hydroxide}+\mathrm{Sulphuric}\mathrm{acid}\to \mathrm{Potassium}\mathrm{Sulphate}+\mathrm{Water} \end{gathered}$$

6. Calcium Nitrate $\left(\mathrm{Ca}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\right)$

• It is formed by the neutralization of $\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$ and ${\mathrm{HNO}}_3$.
• Since ${\mathrm{HNO}}_3$ is a strong acid and $\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$ is also a strong base so the salt formed $\mathrm{Ca}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2$ will be neutral.
• $$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{s}\right)+2{\mathrm{HNO}}_3\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)\to \mathrm{Ca}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right) \\ \mathrm{Calcium}\mathrm{hydroxide}+\mathrm{Nitric}\mathrm{acid}\to \mathrm{Calcium}\mathrm{nitrate}+\mathrm{Water} \end{gathered}$$

So,

	Salts obtained from
	Name of salt	Formula	Base	Acid
1.	Ammonium Chloride	${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}$	${\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{OH}$	$\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{HCl}$
2.	Copper Sulphate	$\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{ii}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{CuSO}}_{\mathbf{4}}$	$\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{iii}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Cu}{\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{OH}\mathbf{\right)}}_{\mathbf{2}}$	${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$
3.	Sodium Chloride	$\mathrm{NaCl}$	$\mathrm{NaOH}$	$\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{iv}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{HCl}$
4.	Magnesium Nitrate	$\mathrm{Mg}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2$	$\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{v}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Mg}{\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{OH}\mathbf{\right)}}_{\mathbf{2}}$	${\mathrm{HNO}}_3$
5.	Potassium Sulphate	${\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$	$\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{vi}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{KOH}$	$\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{vii}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{K}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{SO}}_{\mathbf{4}}$
6.	Calcium Nitrate	$\mathrm{Ca}{\left({\mathrm{NO}}_3\right)}_2$	$\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2$	$\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{viii}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{HNO}}_{\mathbf{3}}$