Question

The following statements describe the five steps in animal nutrition. Read each statement and give one word for each statement. Write the terms that describe each process.

(a) Transportation of absorbed food to different parts of the body and their utilization.

(b) Breaking of complex food substances into simpler and soluble substances.

(c) Removal of undigested and unabsorbed solid residues of food from the body.

(d) Taking food into the body.

(e) Transport of digested and soluble food from the intestine to blood vessels.

Answer 1

The following terms describe the different steps in animal nutrition:

(a) Assimilation:

1. The process of absorption of digested food to supply to various parts of the body is known as Assimilation.
2. All the major nutrients from the food are absorbed by the microvilli in the small intestine.

(b) Digestion:

1. The process of breaking down complex food molecules into simple substances to synthesize energy rice molecules is known as Digestion.
2. Digestive acids like pepsin, HCL, churning movement of the stomach, etc., help in the breakdown process.

(c) Egestion:

1. The process of removal of waste material in the form of feces from the body is known as Egestion.
2. Waste materials are leftover undigested food materials unable to be absorbed.

(d) Ingestion:

1. The process of putting food inside the mouth cavity is known as Ingestion.
2. The saliva secreted by the salivary glands present in the buccal cavity (mouth cavity) helps in the moistening of food.
3. Mechanical digestion by the grinding action of teeth, known as mastication, and chemical digestion by the action of salivary amylase also occur.

(e) Absorption:

1. The process of drawing in assimilated nutrient molecules into the blood vessels to be transferred to various organs is known as absorption.
2. Absorption leads to the cycling of nutrient molecules in the circulatory system.