Question

Give two examples of the following in the space provided : (i) Raw Materials: _______ and _________ (ii) End products: ________ and _________ (iii) Tertiary Activities: ________ and _____ (iv) Agro-based Industries: ______ and ______ (v) Cottage Industries: ______ and ________ (vi) Co-operatives: ___________ and _______

Answer 1

(i) Iron and steel

(ii) Rail coaches and ships

(iii) Trade & Commerce and Transportation

(iv) Leather industries and Dairy Products

(v) Pottery and Basket Weaving

(vi) Amul and HOPCOMS

Classification of Industries Based on Size

• Classification of industries based on Size are dependent on factors such volume of production, number of people employed, capital invested.
• Industries are classified as large scale industries and small scale.
• Pottery, basket weaving, and other handicrafts are examples of cottage industries. Examples of small scale industries are household industries or cottage industries, where products are manufactured by artisans using hands without machines.
• Large scale industries use higher technology, more capital and investments than small scale industries to produce large quantities of goods.

Classification of Industries based on Raw Materials

• Based on the raw materials used, industries can be classified as forest based, marine based, mineral based and agro based.
• Mineral ores are used as raw materials in mineral based industries which are known as primary industries. An example of a mineral based industry is the iron produced from iron ore.Now this is used as raw material in many industries to produce railway coaches, building materials, heavy machinery.
• Forest based produce is utilised as raw materials in forest based industries. The industries which come under this are furniture, paper, buildings, pharmaceuticals.
• Animal and plant based products are used as raw materials in agro based industry.
• Leather industries, dairy products, cotton textile, vegetable oil, food processing are some of the examples of agro-based industries.
• Products from oceans and sea are used as raw materials in marine based industries.
• Some examples are manufacturing fish oil, processing seafood.

Classification of Industries based on Ownership

• Based on ownership, industries can be classified into cooperative sector, joint sector, public sector, state owned and private sector.
• Private sector industries are operated and owned by a group of individuals or individuals.
• The industries owned and operated by the government are known as the public sector industries.