Question

How are covalent bonds formed?

Answer 1

Covalent Bond: Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms so that both can achieve a completely filled outermost shell.

Conditions: Covalent bonds are formed when the electronegativity difference between atoms is very small and the complete transfer of electrons can not take place.

Characteristics of covalent bonds:

• The pair of electrons participating in this type of bonding is called shared pair or bonding pair.
• Covalent bonds are directional in nature.
• They are very powerful chemical bonds that rarely break spontaneously.
• The compounds formed by covalent bonds are known as covalent compounds. Example: Methane $\left({\mathrm{CH}}_4\right)$.

Example: A bond formed between a Carbon and a Hydrogen atom.

Therefore, due to sharing of electrons covalent bonds are formed.