In the asexual mode of reproduction, plants give rise to new plant structures without the fusion of the male and female reproductive parts and hence there is no formation of seeds and fruits.
In plants, it is carried out in the following ways:
Apomixis:
Apomixis refers to how a new plant develops without the involvement of gametes or fertilization.
Because apomixis does not involve gametes, the possibility of evolution is remote.
During apomixis, new or desirable characteristics can be introduced, but the new plant generally resembles the parent plant.
The fusion of mitotically reduced egg cells and pollen grains produces genetically variable seeds in most plant species.
Because of the lack of variation in asexual reproduction, apomictic seeds reduce genetic diversity from parent to offspring plants.
Vegetative reproduction:
Vegetative propagation is asexual plant reproduction that occurs in the plant's leaves, roots, and stems.
This can happen as a result of plant fragmentation and regeneration of specific vegetative parts.
Plants grow and develop naturally without human intervention in natural vegetative propagation.
The formation of adventitious roots can aid in natural vegetative propagation.
As a result, new plants may emerge from the parent plant's roots, stems, and leaves.
Rhizomes include bulbs, runners, tubers, and other vegetative plant structures that sprout from the stem.
Humans use artificial vegetative reproduction in fields and laboratories.
Cutting, grafting, layering, and tissue culture are the most common types of artificial vegetative reproduction.
