In biology, a gene is defined as the fundamental structural and functional unit of heredity.
It is a sequence of RNA or DNA that produces specific essential gene products that play critical roles in the organism in which it is expressed.
Traits are specific qualities or characteristics that distinguish one person from another.
They are either inherited or acquired through environmental means, and they can occur as a combination of the two.
Gene expression:
Gene expression is the mechanism by which genes control traits.
The DNA of a gene contains a nucleotide sequence corresponding to a specific amino acid sequence of a protein via the genetic code, consisting of three codons, each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
The process of gene expression begins with transcription. The DNA is transcribed to a single-stranded RNA known as messenger RNA, which serves as an intermediate product between the gene and the final protein product with the help of RNA Polymerase.
Transcription is followed by translation, which employs messenger RNA as a template for protein synthesis.
A ribosome performs translation by adding new amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain as directed by the genetic code, resulting in the synthesis of the mature protein.
This protein then performs its function, which may affect a specific trait of an organism.
