Question

List two different functions performed by the pancreas in our body.

Answer 1

Pancreas:

1. The pancreas is also called a mixed gland located at the back of the abdomen.
2. It secretes various types of enzymes which are responsible for the digestion of various food substances.
3. It is diffused leaf-shaped compound formed of exocrine and endocrine parts.

Exocrine pancreas:

1. The exocrine part is formed of lobules or acini held together in the connective tissue.
2. The exocrine part of the pancreas secretes certain enzymes thus, helping in the process of digestion.

Function:

1. The pancreas is responsible for the digestion of food.
2. It comprises exocrine glands that produce enzymes like trypsin, chymotrypsin, and amylase.
3. Trypsin and chymotrypsin: In the digestion of protein molecules.
4. These enzymes break down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids.
5. Amylase: It helps in the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats into smaller contents.

Endocrine pancreas:

1. Endocrine part is in the form of patches of the cells, embedded in the exocrine part known as islets of Langerhans.
2. They contain two types of cells: α-cells and β-cells.
3. α-cells produce glucagon hormone whereas β-cells produce insulin.
4. The endocrine part of the pancreas secretes certain hormones thus, help in regulating various metabolic functions of the human body.

Function:

1. Pancreas help in regulating the blood sugar levels of the body.
2. The endocrine part of the pancreas comprises Islets of Langerhans that release insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream.
3. Insulin regulates the amount of glucose in the blood by converting the excess glucose into glycogen.