Question

Name the following (a) The process in plants that links light energy with chemical energy (b) Organisms that can prepare their own food (c) The cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs (d) Cells that surround a stomatal pore (e) Organisms that cannot prepare their own food (f) An enzyme secreted from gastric glands in the stomach that acts on proteins.

Answer 1

(a) Photosynthesis:

1. It is a chemical reaction through which chlorophyll-containing green plants use the energy of sunlight to transform water and CO2 into simple sugar (glucose).
2. Light energy is required to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen (i.e. chemical energy).

(b) Autotrophs:

Green plants, autotrophic bacteria, and other creatures that can manufacture their own nutrition from inorganic components available in the environment are examples of autotrophs.

(c) Chloroplast:

1. Turns light energy into chemical energy by absorbing it.
2. All green plants have a component inside their chloroplasts called chlorophyll, which captures solar energy and is utilized to create food.
3. Produces NADPH and molecular oxygen (O2) from water by photolysis.

(d) Guard cells:

1. A pair of guard cells surround each stomatal hole, controlling its opening and closing by the entry and outflow of water.

(e) Heterotrophs:

1. Those organisms that cannot produce their own food from inorganic substances and must rely on other species for nourishment, such as all mammals, yeast, and so on, are known as heterotrophs.

(f) Pepsin:

1. It is a protein-digesting enzyme produced by the gastric glands in the stomach's wall.