Of the three metals X, Y and Z, X reacts with cold water Y with hot water and Z with steam only, Identify X,Y and Z and also arrange them in order of their increasing reactivity.

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Solution

Metals and their reactivity
X reacts with cold water, Hence X is an Alkali metal.
Alkali metal always reacts with Cold water giving Hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide.
Reaction involved: $\underset{Sodium}{2 Na (s)} + \underset{Water}{2 H_{2} O (aq)} \to \underset{Sodium Hydroxide}{2 NaOH (aq)} + \underset{Dihydrogen}{H_{2} (g)}$
Y reacts with Hot water, hence it is Magnesium.
Magnesium reacts with Hot water giving Magnesium Hydroxide and Dihydrogen.
Reaction involved: $\underset{Magnesium}{Mg (s)} + \underset{Water}{2 H_{2} O (aq)} \to \underset{Magnesium Hydroxide}{Mg {(OH)}_{2} (aq)} + \underset{Dihydrogen}{H_{2} (g)}$
Z reacts with Steam only, Hence it is Iron.
Iron reacts with steam to form Ferrous oxide and dihydrogen.
Reaction involved: $\underset{Iron}{3 Fe (s)} + \underset{Water}{4 H_{2} O (aq)} \to \underset{Ferrous Oxide}{{Fe}_{3} O_{4} (s)} + \underset{dihydrogen}{4 H_{2} (g)}$
Calcium is placed at top of the reactivity series because of high ionization energy followed by Magnesium then Iron.
Hence, the order of reactivity: $Fe < Mg < Ca$
Therefore, the metals X,Y and Z is Sodium, Magnesium and Calcium and order of reactivity is $Fe < Mg < Ca$ .

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(e) Arrange the above metals in their decreasing order of reactivity.

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