Question

The major problem in harnessing the nuclear energy is how to:

• A. Split nuclei
• B. Sustain the reaction
• C. Dispose of spent fuel safely
• D. Convert nuclear energy into electrical energy

Answer 1

The correct option is C

Dispose of spent fuel safely

Explanation of correct option:

In the case of option C,

1. The process of an atom splitting into two smaller atoms and also a few neutrons is called fission. Nuclear energy is released in this process.
2. To harness this released energy, a nuclear reactor is used. The fuel spent by the nuclear reactor is nuclear waste.
3. Nuclear waste cannot be disposed of easily anywhere as it emits harmful radioactive radiation, which can cause permanent damage to living organisms and the environment.
4. The wastes produced are too dangerous and continue to remain radioactive for long periods.
5. Thus, the major problem is how to dispose it of safely.

Explanation of incorrect options:

In the case of option A,

1. The process of an atom splitting into two smaller atoms and also a few neutrons is called fission.
2. It is a well-controlled process and therefore, there is no problem in this process.
3. Thus, this option is incorrect.

In the case of option B,

1. The neutrons released during fission are of high speed and collide with other atoms making them split too. This is known as a chain reaction of fission.
2. This reaction is well controlled, as the speed of neutrons is maintained using nuclear moderators and therefore is not a problem.
3. Thus, this option is incorrect.

In the case of option D,

1. The fission reaction produces heat energy which gives steam that is used by turbine generators to generate electricity.
2. Thus, nuclear energy is converted to electrical energy.
3. This reaction is well controlled and is not a problem.
4. Thus, this option is incorrect.

Hence, option C is correct.