Question

What are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Cell:

1. It is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Cells can be categorized into prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells based on their structure.

Prokaryotic cells:

1. There is no distinct nucleus in them.
2. The genetic material is essentially naked, as there is no nuclear membrane to protect it.
3. Except for mycoplasma, all prokaryotes have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane.
4. The cytoplasm is the fluid matrix that fills the cell.
5. In addition to the genomic DNA, the bacteria also have small circular DNA ( plasmids).
6. Except for ribosomes, prokaryotic cells lack organelles.
7. Bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, and PPLO(Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms)are examples of prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells:

1. Eukaryotic cells have an organized nucleus with a nuclear envelope.
2. The presence of membrane-bound organelles allows for significant cytoplasm compartmentalization.
3. Their genetic material is organized into chromosomes.
4. Eukaryotic cells feature a diverse range of locomotory and cytoskeletal structures.
5. Plant and animal cells differ in that the former have cell walls, plastids, and a prominent central vacuole, while animal cells lack these features.
6. On the other hand, animal cells have centrioles, which are lacking in practically all plant cells.
7. Protists, plants, animals, and fungi are classified as eukaryotes.